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	<title>Bluehorsemukwa&#039;s Blog</title>
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		<title>Bluehorsemukwa&#039;s Blog</title>
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		<title>WELCOME TO OUR BLUE HORSE BLOG!!</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/195/</link>
		<comments>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/195/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 01:25:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2009/11/25/195/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Welcome to our blog home page. We had a beautiful website that was hacked and all of our content was lost. Many photos and great information  put together by Tom Wolf through  many hours of work were destroyed. . Since that happened we decided to use a blog for our site until we have the time [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=195&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote>
<div id="attachment_381" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 160px"><a href="http://bluehorsemukwa.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/119.jpg"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-381" title="Gitchie the one that started it all." src="http://bluehorsemukwa.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/119.jpg?w=150&#038;h=112" alt="" width="150" height="112" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Gitchie</p></div>
<p><strong>Welcome to our blog home page. We had a beautiful website that was hacked and all of our content was lost. Many photos and great information  put together by Tom Wolf through  many hours of work were destroyed. . Since that happened we decided to use a blog for our site until we have the time to put together another awesome site. But for now, we will be posting everything here. So welcome to.. <em>BLUE HORSE MUKWA EQUINE RETIREMENT AND RESCUE CENTER </em>BLOG. We will be adding information as much as possible..but the care of the animals comes first!!!</strong></p>
<p><strong>Many Blessings in the Spirit of the Horses</strong></p>
<p><strong>to contact us :bluehorsemukwa@hotmail.com</strong><strong> </strong></p>
<div><strong> </strong></div>
<div><strong> </strong></div>
<div><strong> </strong></div>
<div id="attachment_244" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 235px"><a href="http://bluehorsemukwa.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/25979_1377869611284_1368197554_1065611_2256172_nburro.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-244" title="25979_1377869611284_1368197554_1065611_2256172_nburro" src="http://bluehorsemukwa.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/25979_1377869611284_1368197554_1065611_2256172_nburro.jpg?w=225&#038;h=300" alt="" width="225" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Meet Burritto..photo by Amy Eason</p></div>
<p>Rabiah and the Herd</p>
<div id="attachment_271" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 140px"><a href="http://bluehorsemukwa.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/ish.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-271" title="ish" src="http://bluehorsemukwa.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/ish.jpg?w=130&#038;h=97" alt="" width="130" height="97" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Ms.Ishgooda playing hide and seek</p></div></blockquote>
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			<media:title type="html">Gitchie the one that started it all.</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">ish</media:title>
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		<title>Meet Our Volunteer Staff</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2009/01/27/meet-our-volunteer-staff/</link>
		<comments>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2009/01/27/meet-our-volunteer-staff/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jan 2009 23:35:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[meet our volunteer staff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/?p=168</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Our volunteers help to make things work at Blue Horse. They are so important. Some are always here and others are behind the scenes. There are many different aspects of our group and we wanted to introduce them to you!!! In our organization we have a dog rehoming program and part of that requires in home [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=168&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Our volunteers help to make things work at Blue Horse. They are so important. Some are always here and others are behind the scenes. There are many different aspects of our group and we wanted to introduce them to you!!!</p>
<p>In our organization we have a dog rehoming program and part of that requires in home visits. Some of the areas that our four legged friends may end up being rehomed are several hours away, but we still have to insure that both the canine and human connection are a good match. So for that ,we have great volunteers who visit homes before and after  to make sure that everyone is happy.</p>
<p><strong>Susan Patton</strong> is our volunteer for<strong> Central Virginia </strong>including Richmond and surrounding areas. Susan has been involved in rescue and placement for many years.<br />
<strong>Mollie McCurdy </strong>takes care of <strong>Northern Virginia</strong>. Mollie was a humane investigator and has saved many animals from a lifetime of suffering.<br />
<strong>Tammy Uren </strong>takes care of the <strong>Hampton Roads</strong> area. Tammy is a former Vet Tech and is great with animals.She also designs beautiful beadwork that helps to benefit our horses.<br />
<strong>South Side Virginia</strong> I take care of.</p>
<p><strong>Tom Wolf</strong> is our wonderful computer guru. He designs our web blog and keeps it running. He also has filmed and edited several great DVD&#8217;S featuring our horses for us. Tom is a Ti Chi Instructor and a computer genius!!<br />
<strong>Betty Marshall</strong> has be with us since the forming of our organization. She has been instrumental in helping to take care of receipts and making sure they stay in order.Betty owns her own business in Virginia Beach. Sea Mist Skin Care. She was the accountant for SPSA many years.<br />
<strong>Anna Pierce</strong> is an apprentice for becoming a barn manager. She has the skill and the patience in working with the horses. She loves all animals too.<br />
<strong>Wendy Coulson</strong> is one of our house photographers!!! Wendy is a fine artist ad she does incredible cake decorating as well. Her equine and, actually ,all of her animal photograhy is beautiful.<br />
All I can say is thank you !! Not just from me, but from all the animals you help here at Blue Horse. All the horses, dogs, cats and pigs!!! Thank you! You make it happen!!</p>
<p>If you would like to Volunteer at Blue Horse , please contact us!! We need you!</p>
<p>to contact us email us at <a href="mailto:bluehorsemukwa@netzero.com">bluehorsemukwa@hotmail.com</a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">bluehorsemukwa</media:title>
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		<title>HSUS ARTICLE IN &quot;ALL ANIMALS&quot; ON HOUND HUNTING HAS SOME OF OUR  RESCUED HOUNDS</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2009/01/22/hsus-article-in-all-animals-on-hound-hunting-has-some-of-our-rescued-hounds/</link>
		<comments>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2009/01/22/hsus-article-in-all-animals-on-hound-hunting-has-some-of-our-rescued-hounds/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2009 15:50:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[HSUS ALL ANIMALS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/?p=166</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Please check out  the winter issue of &#8220;All Animals&#8221; there is a fabulous article in this issue regarding Hunting with Hounds. Several of our rescued hounds are in the article. We currently have 18 abandoned hounds here. Please become a member of HSUS and help stop the abuse of these fabulous dogs. Tell them to [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=166&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Please check out  the winter issue of &#8220;All Animals&#8221; there is a fabulous article in this issue regarding Hunting with Hounds. Several of our rescued hounds are in the article. We currently have 18 abandoned hounds here. Please become a member of HSUS and help stop the abuse of these fabulous dogs. Tell them to send you the magazine&#8230;when you become a member!!!</p>
<p>This is Chase , one of our rescues!! <img width="128" height="95" alt="100_0870.jpg" src="http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/100_0870.jpg" /></p>
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		<title>SPECIAL PEOPLE, SPECIAL THANKS</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2008/11/04/special-people-special-thanks/</link>
		<comments>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2008/11/04/special-people-special-thanks/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Nov 2008 16:22:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Thank You]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/?p=127</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[So much has been happening lately that it is hard to believe. First we had the ASPCA award us a grant for our &#8220;SHELTERS FOR THE ELDERS &#8221; project. Then Faye Adams and her husband Ken Jessup donated the funds needed to put a roof on our barn, in memory of her mother &#8220;Foxy Adams&#8221;. [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=127&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So much has been happening lately that it is hard to believe. First we had the <strong>ASPCA</strong> award us a grant for our &#8220;<strong>SHELTERS FOR THE ELDERS</strong> &#8221; project. Then <strong>Faye Adams</strong> and her husband <strong>Ken Jessup</strong> donated the funds needed to put a roof on our barn, in memory of her mother <strong>&#8220;Foxy Adams&#8221;.</strong>  <strong>Mollie McCurdy</strong> donated the funds to help us improve our horse pastures,fencing and housing for our rescued dogs and vet bills. <strong>Jeff Winn</strong> has single handedly been doing all the building. <strong>Bill Green </strong>has donated funds in <strong>loving memory </strong>of his wife<strong> <strong>Lucille D.Green</strong> </strong>to help us with even more shelters for the horses and dogs<strong>. </strong> <strong>Curtis Duffer</strong> from <strong>Sunrise Shavings</strong> donated almost two pallets of shavings for the horses stalls&#8230;<br />
This past week, <strong>Robert Tucker</strong> and <strong>Lonnie Moore</strong> of <strong>Spauldings Farm Equipment </strong>donated the equipment and materials needed to install three frost free faucets. <strong>David Lowman </strong>owner of <strong>David Lowman Electrical</strong> , <strong> </strong>provided the know how and the labor to install the pipe and hook it up, to make it work.What a blessing that has been!!!! <strong>Pete Pennington</strong> and <strong>Mr. Price</strong> volunteered their time to put up a new gate and fix the electric fencing.<br />
It has been an amazing week for our animals and, in the middle of all the negative things going on in the world to boot!!!!</p>
<p>Thank you to each and everyone of you, thank you for your kindness and compassion for the ones that can&#8217;t speak for themselves. Thank you for helping to provide warmth and shelter and fresh water for theses beautiful creatures. Thank you for making my work load a little easier in just knowing they are protected.</p>
<p>MANY BLESSINGS TO YOU ALL!!!!!<img width="128" height="96" alt="balboandsasa.jpg" src="http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/balboandsasa.thumbnail.jpg" /></p>
<p>Rabiah</p>
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		<title>THE HORSES ARE COMING</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2008/10/11/the-horses-are-coming/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 11 Oct 2008 10:06:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/?p=124</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Fall is here, and with the changing seasons come new challenges for rescue centers. This past summer we at Blue Horse lost several of our beloved four legged friends&#8230;.horses and hounds. We also welcomed new ones into our home. Every horse that has come to Blue Horse has been an inspiration. Each one teaches us [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=124&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Fall is here, and with the changing seasons come new challenges for rescue centers. This past summer we at Blue Horse lost several of our beloved four legged friends&#8230;.horses and hounds.<br />
We also welcomed new ones into our home.</p>
<p>Every horse that has come to Blue Horse has been an inspiration. Each one teaches us something about ourselves. We learn patience,trust,understanding and responsibility. Responsibility to the spirit of the horse and what gifts they have contributed to human beings.</p>
<p>The horse was introduced to American Indian people over 200 years ago when the Spanish came to Turtle Island.<br />
The true spirit of the horse was captured by Indian people and nothing could equal the bond between horse and rider. Horses brought the people together and enabled them to travel great distances in short periods of time and to hunt for food much more effectively and to move their families away from danger.</p>
<p>Today the horse brings much pleasure to those that own and ride and appreciate them. Unfortunately, often times these beautiful spirited creatures meet disastrous ends. They are used and abused by those that are suppose to love and care for them. We see it everyday at Blue Horse.</p>
<p>There is a traditional American Indian teaching which states,&#8221;<strong>We are responsible for the next seven generations, honor the earth and ALL Creation, for your childrens, children and those yet to come.<br />
The earth is not ours to destroy, we are only passing through, return it in better condition than you found it&#8221;.</strong></p>
<p>Meaning , taking care of <strong>ALL</strong> the two legged, four legged, the things that swim, crawl and fly..</p>
<p>We need to re-connect to the earth and remember who we <em>really</em> are in the scheme of creation. We are a part of nature, not separate from it. We must embrace nature, not destroy our home. It is believed that the horses spirit came from the sun in some of the teachings, they were selected to help humans. Now we must help them.</p>
<p>Your horse should be your partner and companion, not a commodity and not disposable, they have given you their hearts and spirits to make you shine&#8230;.Now let them have peace for the rest of their natural life. THEY SHOULD BE TREATED WITH HONOR, DIGNITY AND RESPECT AS SHOULD ALL LIVING THINGS.</p>
<p>In the Spirit of the Horses<img width="128" height="96" alt="farmmayze-1244.jpg" src="http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/farmmayze-1244.thumbnail.jpg" /><br />
Rabiah Seminole</p>
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		<title>ASPCA AWARDS GRANT TO BLUE HORSE</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2008/10/07/aspca-awards-grant-to-blue-horse/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Oct 2008 09:33:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/?p=123</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals has awarded Blue Horse Mukwa Equine Retirement and Rescue Center a grant for our &#8221;Shelters for the Elders&#8221; project. The grant will enable us to build permanent shelter for our elder horses. We at Blue Horse are so very grateful for their support and hope [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=123&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals</strong> has awarded Blue Horse Mukwa Equine Retirement and Rescue Center a grant for our <strong>&#8221;Shelters for the Elders&#8221; </strong>project. The grant will enable us to build  permanent shelter for our elder horses. We at Blue Horse are so very grateful for their support and hope everyone will support them in their efforts to continue the work they do for so many animals.</p>
<p><strong>Jeff Winn</strong> will be constructing the shelter. Jeff owns and operates his own business in Chase City, Va and has volunteered many hours at Blue Horse making repairs and building shelters.</p>
<p>The <strong>Shelter for the Elders</strong> project will be underway within the next two weeks and be completed before the cold weather sets in.<img width="128" height="96" alt="Sage is waiting for you!!" src="http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/farmmayze-1154.thumbnail.jpg" /></p>
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			<media:title type="html">Sage is waiting for you!!</media:title>
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		<title>JAVA OUR NEWEST RESIDENT</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2008/09/12/java-our-newest-resident/</link>
		<comments>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2008/09/12/java-our-newest-resident/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2008 23:09:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/?p=118</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Java was brought to Blue Horse by animal control. She was one that survived, her pasture buddy was not as fortunate, he died in the field. Java is a throughbred and is 13-14 years old. She has one of the worse cases of rain rot I have ever seen&#8230;But she has spirit and a strong [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=118&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Java was brought to Blue Horse by animal control. She was one that survived, her pasture buddy was not as fortunate, he died in the field. Java is a throughbred and is 13-14 years old. She has one of the worse cases of rain rot I have ever seen&#8230;But she has spirit and a strong will to survive. She is on her way to recovery. Her former owner faces criminal charges for animal cruelty. If you would like to see a photo of her you can go to:<br />
sheltersource.ning.com. site and click on our blog there. Since the hacking into this site we have ad difficulties uploadng new picts&#8230;..</p>
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		<title>YOU CAN HELPTHE HORSES FOR THE COST OF POSTAGE!!!</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2008/01/29/you-can-helpthe-horses-for-the-cost-of-postage/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2008 20:44:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/?p=139</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you use or know anyone that uses SOUTHERN STATES LEGENDS, RELIANCE OR TRIPLE CROWN FEEDS you can help us for the cost of postage. All you have to do is cut off the PROOF OF PURCHASE CERTIFICATES from the bags and send them to us. Through their S.H.O.W. program they will in turn help [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=139&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you use or know anyone that uses <span style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">SOUTHERN STATES</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">LEGENDS, RELIANCE OR TRIPLE CROWN FEEDS</span> you can help us for the cost of postage. All you have to do is cut off the <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">PROOF OF PURCHASE</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">CERTIFICATES</span> from the bags and send them to us. Through their <span style="font-weight:bold;">S.H.O.W</span>. program they will in turn help us for every <span style="font-weight:bold;">p.o.p</span> that we send in. The more we send in the more we earn. This helps us buy feed and hay.Please save those for us.You may send them to;<br />
<span style="font-weight:bold;">Blue Horse Mukwa Equine Retirement and Rescue Center</span><br style="font-weight:bold;" /><span style="font-weight:bold;">25859 Highway 49</span><br style="font-weight:bold;" /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Chase, City, Virginia 23924</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight:bold;">Thanks for your help:)</span><br />
<span style="font-weight:bold;"><span style="font-weight:bold;"><br />
Rabiah and the Herd</span></span></p>
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		<title>TOO YOUNG,TOO SOON</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2008/01/01/too-youngtoo-soon/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2008 19:52:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.bluehorsemukwa.org/?p=138</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Please read this carefully and pass it around to your fellow horsemen- A General Look at Ranger The first thing to note is that as a two and a half year old, Ranger is a “teenager.” He’s not mature physically, nor will he be until he’s at least six. Despite a nice development of chest [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=138&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><font size="2" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;">Please read this carefully and pass it around to your fellow horsemen- </span></font></p>
<p><font size="2" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;" /></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><strong>A General Look at Ranger</strong></font></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">The first thing to note is that as a two and a half year old, Ranger is a “teenager.” He’s not mature physically, nor will he be until he’s at least six. Despite a nice development of chest and a fine long neck, there is that unmistakable lack of length and muscular fullness to the hindquarters and the little weakness or lack of arch at the base of the neck that smacks of the gawkiness of subadulthood. The withers are not as high as they will someday be, either. Note please however, that I have not said anything about Ranger having a big head – because he doesn’t (compare length of head to length of neck; a horse’s head is not to be considered “large” until it is longer than the underline of the neck). I like the so-called “old fashioned” head of the Standardbred, Morgan, Saddlebred, and Walking Horse. An Arabian head is fine – on an Arabian, but the Arabian head shape should not be the universal definition of “good” in heads. Ranger’s is an excellent head with sharp bony definition, a good eye, and a real good expression. There are also solid reasons, having to do with the proper eruption and functioning of the teeth, for preferring a straight or slightly arched head, such as Ranger shows, to certain types </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">of dished construction, and for preferring a longer face (as measured from eye to muzzle) to a foreshortened face.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><strong>All Horses of All Breeds Mature Skeletally at the Same Rate</strong></font></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Now I want to discuss the concept of skeletal maturity and deal with that concept thoroughly. Ranger is not mature, as I said, as a 2 ½ year old. This is </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><em>not </em></font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">because Ranger is a “slow-maturing” individual or because he comes from a “slow maturing” breed. There is no such thing. Let me repeat that: no horse on earth, of any breed, at any time, is or has ever been mature before the age of six (plus or minus six months). So, for example, the Quarter Horse is not an “early maturing” breed – and neither is the Arabian a “slow maturing” breed. As far as their skeletons go, they are the same. This information comes, I know, as a shock to many people who think starting their colt or filly under saddle at age two is what they ought to be doing. This begs discussion of (1) what I mean by “mature” and (2) what I mean by “starting”.</font></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><strong>When is a Horse Skeletally Mature?</strong></font></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Just about everybody has heard of the horse’s “growth plates”, and commonly when I ask them, people tell me that the “growth plates” are somewhere around the horse’s knees (actually the ones people mean are located at the bottom of the radius-ulna bone just above the knee). This is what gives rise to the saying that, before riding the horse, it’s best to wait “until his knees close” (i.e., until the growth plates convert from cartilage to bone, fusing the epiphysis or bone-end to the diaphysis or bone-shaft). What people often don’t realize is that there is a “growth plate” on either end of </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><em>every </em></font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">bone behind the skull, and in the case of some bones (like the pelvis or vertebrae, which have many “corners”) there are multiple growth plates. So do you then have to wait until </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><em>all </em></font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">these growth plates convert to bone? No. But the longer you wait, the safer you’ll be. Owners and trainers need to realize there’s an easy-to-remember general schedule of fusion – and then make their decision as to when to ride the horse </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><em>based on that rather than on the external appearance of the horse</em></font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">. For there are some breeds of horse – the Quarter Horse is the premier among these – which have been bred in such a manner as to </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><em>look </em></font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">mature long before they actually </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><em>are </em></font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">mature. This puts these horses in jeopardy from people who are either ignorant of the closure schedule, or more interested in their own schedule (for futurities or other competition) than they are in the welfare of the animal.</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><strong>The Schedule of Growth-Plate Conversion to Bone</strong></font></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2"><font size="2">The process of converting the growth plates to bone goes, </font><font size="2"><em>in general</em></font><font size="2">, from the bottom of the animal up. In other words, the lower down toward the hoofs you look, the earlier </font><font size="2"><em>most </em></font><font size="2">of the growth plates will have fused; and the higher up toward the animal’s back you look, the later. The growth plate at the top of the coffin bone (the most distal bone of the limb) is fused at birth. What that means is that the coffin bones get no </font><font size="2"><em>taller </em></font><font size="2">after birth (they get much larger around, though, by another mechanism). That’s the first one. In order after that:</font></font></font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Short 	pastern – bottom before birth; top between 9-12 months.</font></font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Long 	pastern – bottom unites with shaft at or shortly before birth; top 	13 to 15 mos.</font></font></p>
</li>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Cannon 	bone – top unites with shaft at or shortly before birth; bottom 	unites with shaft at about 18 mos.</font></font></p>
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<li>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Small 	bones of the knee – top and bottom of each, between 18 mos. and 2 	years</font></font></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Radius-ulna 	– upper weightbearing surface, between 15-18 mos.; distal 	surfaces, between 3 and 3.5 years</font></font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Humerus 	– bottom, between 1.5 and 2 years; top, between 3 and 3.5 years</font></font></p>
</li>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Scapula 	– glenoid or bottom (weight-bearing) portion – between 3 and 3.5 	years</font></font></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Hindlimb 	– cannon bone, coffin bone, and pasterns same as forelimb</font></font></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Hock 	– this joint is “late” for as low down as it is; growth plates 	on the tibial and fibular tarsals don’t fuse until the animal is 	3-3.5 (so the hocks are a known “weak point” – even the 	18th-century literature warns against driving young horses in plow 	or other deep or sticky footing, or jumping them up into a heavy 	load, for danger of spraining their hocks).</font></font></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Tibia 	– bottom, between 20 mos. And 2 years; top, between 3 and 3.5 	years </font></font></p>
</li>
<li>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Femur 	– there are 4 major epiphyses on this bone, including the head 	that goes into the hip socket; they fuse between 3 &#8211; 4 years.</font></font></p>
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<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Pelvis 	– the hip socket is firm between 18 mos. and 2 years, but the rest 	of the bone does not stop growing until the horse is 5 or more years 	old. </font></font></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;">…<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">.and what do you think is last? The vertebral column, of course. A normal horse has 32 vertebrae between the back of the skull and the root of the dock, and there are several growth plates on each one, the most important of which are those that cap the centrum. These do not finally fuse until the horse is at least 5 ½ years old (and this figure applies to a small-sized, scrubby, range-raised mare. The taller your horse and the longer its neck, the later the last fusions will occur. And for a male – is this a surprise? – you add six months. So, for example, a 17-hand Thoroughbred, Saddlebred or Warmblood gelding may not be fully mature until his 8th year – something that owners of such individuals have often told me that they “suspected”). </font></font></p>
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;">
<p align="left" style="margin-bottom:0;"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="2">Read the complete article at <a href="http://www.equinestudies.org/ranger_2008/ranger_piece_2008_pdf1.pdf">http://www.equinestudies.org/ranger_2008/ranger_piece_2008_pdf1.pdf</a></font></font></p>
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		<title>A CHRISTMAS STORY</title>
		<link>http://bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com/2007/12/26/a-christmas-story/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Dec 2007 19:51:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>bluehorsemukwa</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[As everyone knows, yesterday was Christmas morning. It is the morning that every young person looks forward to. As a rescue, it is like every other morning, the 40  horses that live here have to be feed ,watered and hayed. Their stalls have to be cleaned. I usually start at 4 am almost everyday. As [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=bluehorsemukwa.wordpress.com&amp;blog=9779825&amp;post=137&amp;subd=bluehorsemukwa&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As everyone knows, yesterday was Christmas morning. It is the morning that every young person looks forward to. As a rescue, it is like every other morning, the 40  horses that live here have to be feed ,watered and hayed. Their stalls have to be cleaned. I usually start at 4 am almost everyday. As I was walking out to start the morning, I thought about all the folks that were going to get up to a warm cup of coffee and children waking to their toys etc. I have never really had help on Christmas morning , and that is understandable and I really do not expect it….<br />
Yesterday was different, at 7 am a 14 year old young man showed up. He wanted to help me. …He said he told his parents this is what he wanted to do and that he would check out his gifts when he got home if that was alright with them. He said they were going to come back and  pick him up at 9 am. I could not believe it. He gave up his Christmas morning and all his gifts were put on hold to help me do chores.<br />
He did one of the hardest jobs, he did the water for all the horses, dragging the hose is not fun or easy,it is heavy,wet and cold.  He helped me do shavings, he helped me feed and then pick up buckets.<br />
Victor gave me a very special gift, he reminded me what Christmas is really about, giving of oneself, from the heart.</p>
<p>I just thought this was worth sharing as he is an inspiration to me and someone we can all learn from…<br />
Thank you Victor for making my Christmas day so special.<br />
What he said to me touched my heart…<br />
“i didn’t think you should have to be doing this alone on Christmas morning, no one should be alone on Christmas”.</p>
<p>He then said, “don’t tell anyone I said that”……&#8221;they won&#8217;t think i am cool&#8221;</p>
<div>Rabiah and the Herd</div>
<p>Blue Horse Mukwa Equine Retirement and Rescue Center<br />
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Chase City, Va 23924</span><br />
757-439-4206<br />
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501 (c) 3 nonprofit Organization</p>
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